| CPC A61K 31/436 (2013.01) [A61K 35/28 (2013.01); A61K 35/545 (2013.01); A61K 38/09 (2013.01); A61K 38/14 (2013.01); A61K 38/212 (2013.01); A61K 38/50 (2013.01); A61K 40/11 (2025.01); A61K 40/31 (2025.01); A61K 40/42 (2025.01); C07K 14/7051 (2013.01); C12N 5/0636 (2013.01); A61K 45/06 (2013.01); A61K 2239/31 (2023.05); A61K 2239/38 (2023.05); C12N 2510/00 (2013.01); Y02A 50/30 (2018.01)] | 16 Claims |

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1. A composition, wherein the composition is a culture medium comprising a combination,
wherein the combination comprises (a) a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, and (b) dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) or an analogue or derivative thereof; and
wherein the combination is present in an amount effective to modulate a population of T cells to (a) reduce expression of one or more T cell exhaustion markers, or (b) increase mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity, in comparison to a corresponding population of T cells that are not modulated with the combination.
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