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1. A composite particulate for a lithium battery, comprising one or more anode active material particles that are dispersed in a high-elasticity polymer matrix or encapsulated by a high-elasticity polymer shell, wherein said high-elasticity polymer matrix or shell has a recoverable elastic tensile strain no less than 5%, when measured without an additive or reinforcement dispersed therein, and a lithium ion conductivity no less than 10−8 S/cm at room temperature and wherein said high-elasticity polymer comprises a crosslinked polymer network of chains from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a substituted version thereof, or a derivative thereof, and wherein said composite particulate has a diameter from 10 nm to 50 μm, wherein said high-elasticity polymer contains a cross-linked network of CMC crosslinked by a crosslinking agent to a degree of crosslinking that imparts an elastic tensile strain from 5% to 500%, wherein said crosslinking agent is selected from N,N-methylene bisacrylamide, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, cinnamic acid, ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate, diepoxy, dicarboxylic acid compound, poly(potassium 1-hydroxy acrylate) (PKHA), glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE), ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE), citric acid, methacrylic acid, a derivative compound of ac a derivative compound of methacrylic acid, glycidyl functions, N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm), Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMAAm), isobomyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, isobomyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-Butyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-Ethyl hexyl acrylate, n-Butyl acrylate, a diisocyanate, an urethane chain, a chemical derivative thereof, or a combination thereof.
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