| CPC G01R 31/396 (2019.01) [H01M 10/425 (2013.01); H02J 7/0047 (2013.01); H01M 2010/4271 (2013.01); H01M 2010/4278 (2013.01)] | 15 Claims |

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1. A battery pack comprising:
a master battery management system (BMS); and
a first slave BMS configured to monitor a first battery module, wherein the first slave BMS is configured to:
in response to an error in a first battery module, determine whether or not the error is critical;
communicate with the master BMS in a first time segment corresponding to an ID a first identification (ID) of the first slave BMS;
change the first ID to a second ID, wherein a timing of the change is based on whether or not the error is critical; and
after the first ID is changed to the second ID, output information on the error to the master BMS in a second time segment corresponding to the second ID.
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