| CPC H10K 50/16 (2023.02) [H10K 85/00 (2023.02); H10K 2101/80 (2023.02)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A photoelectric conversion element comprising:
a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other;
a photoelectric conversion layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; and
a carrier transport layer between the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode, the carrier transport layer containing a plurality of carrier transport particles and a plurality of organic ligands capable of being coordinated to each of the plurality of carrier transport particles, the carrier transport layer having a first end potion located close to the photoelectric conversion layer in a thickness direction of the carrier transport layer and a second end potion located close to the second electrode in the thickness direction of the carrier transport layer, wherein
a first minimum distance between the plurality of carrier transport particles in the first end potion and the photoelectric conversion layer is larger than a second minimum distance between the plurality of carrier transport particles in the second end potion and the second electrode.
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