| CPC H02S 20/25 (2014.12) [B32B 37/26 (2013.01); H10F 19/804 (2025.01); B32B 2274/00 (2013.01); B32B 2457/12 (2013.01)] | 18 Claims |

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1. A system, comprising:
a plurality of photovoltaic (PV) roofing shingles installed on a roof deck,
wherein the plurality of PV roofing shingles includes at least a first PV roofing shingle and a second PV roofing shingle,
wherein each of the plurality of PV roofing shingles includes
a PV module, wherein the PV module includes
a superstrate,
a substrate,
wherein the substrate is composed of at least one of polyolefin encapsulant (POE) and ethylene vinyl acetate encapsulant (EVA), and
a first layer between the superstrate and the substrate, and
a roofing layer,
wherein the roofing layer includes
a substantially flat top surface, and
a substantially flat bottom surface opposite the substantially flat top surface,
wherein the substrate of the PV module contacts the substantially flat top surface of the roofing layer,
wherein the substantially flat bottom surface of the first PV roofing shingle overlaps and contacts the substantially flat top surface of the second PV roofing shingle, and
wherein the roofing layer of the first PV roofing shingle partially overlaps and contacts the roofing layer of the second PV roofing shingle.
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