| CPC H02J 7/0042 (2013.01) [H01M 50/383 (2021.01); H02J 7/00309 (2020.01); H02M 7/4835 (2021.05)] | 14 Claims |

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1. A DC energy storage system, comprising:
first and second DC terminals for connection to a DC link;
a DC energy storage converter including a plurality of modules connected in series between the first and second DC terminals, each module including at least one switching element and at least one battery, the or each switching element and the or each battery in each module being combinable to selectively provide a voltage source;
at least one fire-resistant protective barrier arranged to separate the plurality of modules into converter sections, each converter section including at least one module of the plurality of modules; and
a fire detector configured to detect a presence of a fire in the converter sections, wherein a controller is programmed to, responsive to detection of the presence of the fire in one or more of the converter sections by the fire detector, determine whether the number of healthy modules in the DC energy storage converter is sufficient or insufficient to continue operation of the DC energy storage system if one or more faulty modules is removed from operation.
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