US 12,411,192 B2
Spin-based detection of terahertz and sub-terahertz electromagnetic radiation
Jing Shi, Riverside, CA (US); and Junxue Li, Riverside, CA (US)
Assigned to The Regents of the University of California, Oakland, CA (US)
Filed by The Regents of the University of California, Oakland, CA (US)
Filed on Apr. 26, 2023, as Appl. No. 18/307,451.
Application 18/307,451 is a continuation of application No. 17/020,796, filed on Sep. 14, 2020, granted, now 11,639,975.
Claims priority of provisional application 62/925,427, filed on Oct. 24, 2019.
Claims priority of provisional application 62/914,794, filed on Oct. 14, 2019.
Prior Publication US 2023/0266413 A1, Aug. 24, 2023
Int. Cl. G01N 21/3586 (2014.01); G01R 33/07 (2006.01); G01R 33/12 (2006.01); H10N 50/80 (2023.01)
CPC G01R 33/1284 (2013.01) [G01N 21/3586 (2013.01); G01R 33/075 (2013.01); H10N 50/80 (2023.02)] 20 Claims
OG exemplary drawing
 
1. A electromagnetic radiation detector, comprising:
a first layer including an antiferromagnetic material (AFM);
a second layer, in contact with the first layer, the second layer including a heavy metal (HM);
a third layer opposite the second layer and in contact with the first layer, the third layer configured to generate an effective field having a direction oriented approximately parallel to an easy axis of a crystal lattice of the antiferromagnetic material and to a direction of propagation of incident electromagnetic radiation; and
an electrical circuit in electrical communication with the second layer;
wherein the first layer is configured to inject a spin current into the second layer in response to receipt of electromagnetic radiation having a frequency within the range of sub-terahertz or terahertz frequencies;
wherein the second layer is configured to generate a potential difference in response to receipt of the spin current; and
wherein the circuit is configured to output an electrical signal corresponding to the potential difference.