| CPC G01N 33/5438 (2013.01) [C12Q 1/68 (2013.01); C12Q 1/6816 (2013.01); G01N 27/00 (2013.01); G01N 33/56983 (2013.01); G01N 2333/165 (2013.01); H01L 2924/1306 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A system for detecting one or more pathogens, comprising:
a biosensor device comprising a detection chip; and
a handheld device configured to receive the biosensor device,
the detection chip, comprising:
a substrate comprising a graphene surface that is maintained at a fixed voltage,
a conducting material at a first end and a second end of the graphene surface that form a first electrode and a second electrode, respectively, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode correspond to a source and a drain, respectively, and wherein the source and the drain are positioned in a same plane as a third electrode corresponding to an extended gate, and
an insulating material to insulate the first electrode and the second electrode,
wherein one or more probes are attached to the graphene surface,
wherein the one or more probes specifically bind to one or more target molecules of the one or more pathogens, and
wherein the insulating material forms a well to receive a biological sample such that the biological sample is in contact with the one or more probes and the graphene surface.
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