| CPC C01G 33/00 (2013.01) [C09K 9/00 (2013.01); G02F 1/155 (2013.01); B82Y 40/00 (2013.01); C01P 2002/77 (2013.01); C01P 2004/03 (2013.01); C01P 2004/04 (2013.01); C01P 2004/16 (2013.01); C01P 2004/64 (2013.01); C01P 2006/14 (2013.01); C01P 2006/40 (2013.01); G02F 2201/12 (2013.01); G02F 2202/36 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A porous electrochromic niobium oxide film comprising:
a plurality of niobium oxide nanocrystals,
wherein the plurality of niobium oxide nanocrystals comprise niobium oxide having a formula NbOx where x represents an average Nb: O ratio in the niobium oxide and where x is from 2 to 2.6,
wherein the plurality of niobium oxide nanocrystals are substantially plate-shaped such that the plurality of niobium oxide nanocrystals comprise a plurality of plate-shaped niobium oxide nanocrystals, and
wherein the plurality of plate-shaped niobium oxide nanocrystals have an average length of from 0.5 nm to 200 nm, an average width of from 0.5 nm to 95 nm, and an average thickness of from 0.5 nm to 20 nm.
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