US 12,409,642 B2
Tungsten oxide nanostructure thin films for electrochromic devices
John H. Roudebush, Hayward, CA (US); Lina Zhu, Hayward, CA (US); Daniel Giaquinta, Hayward, CA (US); Hugues Duncan, Hayward, CA (US); and Howard Turner, Hayward, CA (US)
Assigned to SMART WINDOW INC., LIMITED, Kowloon (HK)
Filed by HALIO, INC., Hayward, CA (US)
Filed on Jun. 7, 2023, as Appl. No. 18/330,960.
Application 18/330,960 is a continuation of application No. 16/786,900, filed on Feb. 10, 2020, granted, now 11,697,275.
Application 16/786,900 is a continuation of application No. 15/818,566, filed on Nov. 20, 2017, granted, now 10,558,103, issued on Feb. 11, 2020.
Application 15/818,566 is a continuation of application No. 15/009,465, filed on Jan. 28, 2016, granted, now 9,823,535.
Claims priority of provisional application 62/250,394, filed on Nov. 3, 2015.
Claims priority of provisional application 62/108,969, filed on Jan. 28, 2015.
Prior Publication US 2023/0311463 A1, Oct. 5, 2023
Int. Cl. G02F 1/1524 (2019.01); B05D 1/26 (2006.01); B32B 5/16 (2006.01); B32B 9/00 (2006.01); B32B 9/04 (2006.01); B32B 23/12 (2006.01); B32B 27/14 (2006.01); B32B 27/16 (2006.01); B32B 27/28 (2006.01); B32B 27/30 (2006.01); B32B 27/32 (2006.01); B32B 27/36 (2006.01); B32B 27/40 (2006.01); C01G 41/02 (2006.01); C03C 17/34 (2006.01); G02F 1/153 (2006.01); G02F 1/155 (2006.01)
CPC B32B 27/16 (2013.01) [B05D 1/265 (2013.01); B32B 5/16 (2013.01); B32B 9/005 (2013.01); B32B 9/045 (2013.01); B32B 23/12 (2013.01); B32B 27/14 (2013.01); B32B 27/281 (2013.01); B32B 27/285 (2013.01); B32B 27/286 (2013.01); B32B 27/306 (2013.01); B32B 27/308 (2013.01); B32B 27/32 (2013.01); B32B 27/36 (2013.01); B32B 27/365 (2013.01); B32B 27/40 (2013.01); C01G 41/02 (2013.01); C03C 17/3417 (2013.01); G02F 1/1524 (2019.01); G02F 1/153 (2013.01); B32B 2250/05 (2013.01); B32B 2250/40 (2013.01); B32B 2255/10 (2013.01); B32B 2255/20 (2013.01); B32B 2255/205 (2013.01); B32B 2264/102 (2013.01); B32B 2307/20 (2013.01); B32B 2307/40 (2013.01); B32B 2307/402 (2013.01); B32B 2307/412 (2013.01); B32B 2551/08 (2013.01); B32B 2605/006 (2013.01); G02F 1/155 (2013.01); G02F 2202/36 (2013.01)] 19 Claims
OG exemplary drawing
 
1. An electrochromic multi-layer stack comprising:
a substrate comprising a material with a melting point, a glass transition temperature, or a softening point less than 400° C.;
an electrically conductive layer on the substrate; and
an electrochromic cathode layer on the electrically conductive layer, wherein the electrochromic cathode layer comprises crystalline tungsten trioxide nanostructures, wherein the crystalline tungsten trioxide nanostructures have a mean size or a median size from 50 nm to 300 nm.