CPC H10N 50/80 (2023.02) [G11C 11/161 (2013.01); H01F 10/3259 (2013.01); H01F 10/3286 (2013.01); H01F 10/329 (2013.01); H01F 41/34 (2013.01); H10N 50/01 (2023.02); H10N 50/85 (2023.02)] | 20 Claims |
1. A method comprising:
forming a first pinned ferromagnetic layer on a substrate;
forming a first tunnel barrier layer on the first pinned ferromagnetic layer, the first tunnel barrier layer having a first resistance x area product (RA1);
forming a free layer that contacts a top surface of the first tunnel barrier layer;
forming a second tunnel barrier layer that adjoins a top surface of the free layer, the second tunnel barrier layer having a second resistance x area product (RA2) that is greater than RA1;
forming a second pinned ferromagnetic layer on the second tunnel barrier layer;
forming a metal oxide or metal oxynitride capping layer that contacts a top surface of the second pinned ferromagnetic layer, and having a resistance x area product (RACAP) that is less than RA2, wherein the metal oxide or metal oxynitride capping layer comprises a plurality of conductive channels in a metal oxide or metal oxynitride matrix in which the conductive channels extend from a top surface of the free layer to a bottom surface of an overlying hard mask; and
performing an initialization process wherein a magnetization of the first pinned ferromagnetic layer is aligned antiparallel to a magnetization of the second pinned ferromagnetic layer, and a magnetization of the free layer, the magnetization of the first pinned ferromagnetic layer and the magnetization of the second pinned ferromagnetic layer are aligned orthogonal to the substrate.
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