CPC H01M 10/054 (2013.01) [H01M 4/485 (2013.01); H01M 4/505 (2013.01); H01M 4/525 (2013.01); H01M 4/58 (2013.01); H01M 10/0568 (2013.01); H01M 10/0569 (2013.01); H01M 10/0567 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0028 (2013.01)] | 12 Claims |
1. A non-flammable sodium-ion battery comprising:
a cathode for the sodium-ion battery;
an anode for the sodium-ion battery;
a separator; and
an electrolyte comprising a salt and a glyme solvent selected from the group consisting of tetraglyme and an analogue thereof, wherein:
the anode does not comprise lithium;
the salt comprises NaBF4;
the NaBF4 is provided at a concentration of from 0.5 M to 2.0 M in the glyme solvent;
the battery has an average voltage of from 1.5 V to 6.0 V;
the battery has a coulombic efficiency after 5 charge/discharge cycles of at least 97%; and
the cathode and anode comprise active material pairs selected from the group consisting of:
Zn-doped Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP)//hard carbon, Na0.9[Cu0.12Ni0.10Fe0.30Mn0.43Ti0.05]O2//hard carbon, and Na0.9[Cu0.12Ni0.10Fe0.30Mn0.43Ti0.05]O2//graphite.
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