US 12,077,478 B2
Cold sintering ceramics and composites
Clive A. Randall, University Park, PA (US); Jing Guo, University Park, PA (US); Amanda Baker, University Park, PA (US); Michael Lanagan, University Park, PA (US); and Hanzheng Guo, University Park, PA (US)
Assigned to The Penn State Research Foundation, University Park, PA (US)
Filed by The Penn State Research Foundation, University Park, PA (US)
Filed on Apr. 9, 2021, as Appl. No. 17/226,653.
Application 16/905,236 is a division of application No. 15/277,553, filed on Sep. 27, 2016, granted, now 10,730,803, issued on Aug. 4, 2020.
Application 17/226,653 is a continuation of application No. 16/905,236, filed on Jun. 18, 2020, granted, now 11,001,530.
Application 15/277,553 is a continuation of application No. PCT/US2016/053772, filed on Sep. 26, 2016.
Claims priority of provisional application 62/234,389, filed on Sep. 29, 2015.
Claims priority of provisional application 62/349,444, filed on Jun. 13, 2016.
Prior Publication US 2021/0230075 A1, Jul. 29, 2021
This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.
Int. Cl. C04B 35/645 (2006.01); B32B 5/16 (2006.01); B32B 7/04 (2019.01); B32B 9/00 (2006.01); B32B 9/04 (2006.01); B32B 15/08 (2006.01); B32B 15/16 (2006.01); B32B 18/00 (2006.01); B32B 27/08 (2006.01); B32B 27/14 (2006.01); B32B 27/28 (2006.01); B32B 27/30 (2006.01); B32B 27/32 (2006.01); B32B 27/34 (2006.01); B32B 27/36 (2006.01); B32B 27/40 (2006.01); C04B 35/447 (2006.01); C04B 35/453 (2006.01); C04B 35/468 (2006.01); C04B 35/486 (2006.01); C04B 35/495 (2006.01); C04B 35/515 (2006.01); C04B 35/622 (2006.01); C04B 35/626 (2006.01); C04B 35/634 (2006.01); C04B 35/638 (2006.01)
CPC C04B 35/645 (2013.01) [B32B 5/16 (2013.01); B32B 7/04 (2013.01); B32B 9/005 (2013.01); B32B 9/045 (2013.01); B32B 9/048 (2013.01); B32B 15/08 (2013.01); B32B 15/16 (2013.01); B32B 18/00 (2013.01); B32B 27/08 (2013.01); B32B 27/14 (2013.01); B32B 27/281 (2013.01); B32B 27/285 (2013.01); B32B 27/286 (2013.01); B32B 27/288 (2013.01); B32B 27/302 (2013.01); B32B 27/304 (2013.01); B32B 27/308 (2013.01); B32B 27/32 (2013.01); B32B 27/322 (2013.01); B32B 27/34 (2013.01); B32B 27/365 (2013.01); B32B 27/40 (2013.01); C04B 35/447 (2013.01); C04B 35/453 (2013.01); C04B 35/4682 (2013.01); C04B 35/486 (2013.01); C04B 35/495 (2013.01); C04B 35/5152 (2013.01); C04B 35/62222 (2013.01); C04B 35/6263 (2013.01); C04B 35/6264 (2013.01); C04B 35/62685 (2013.01); C04B 35/634 (2013.01); C04B 35/638 (2013.01); B32B 2250/02 (2013.01); B32B 2262/101 (2013.01); B32B 2262/106 (2013.01); B32B 2264/107 (2013.01); B32B 2307/20 (2013.01); B32B 2307/202 (2013.01); B32B 2307/204 (2013.01); B32B 2307/50 (2013.01); B32B 2307/546 (2013.01); B32B 2307/702 (2013.01); B32B 2307/704 (2013.01); B32B 2307/728 (2013.01); B32B 2307/732 (2013.01); C04B 2235/3201 (2013.01); C04B 2235/3203 (2013.01); C04B 2235/3224 (2013.01); C04B 2235/3236 (2013.01); C04B 2235/3239 (2013.01); C04B 2235/3256 (2013.01); C04B 2235/3258 (2013.01); C04B 2235/3272 (2013.01); C04B 2235/3284 (2013.01); C04B 2235/3291 (2013.01); C04B 2235/3298 (2013.01); C04B 2235/5436 (2013.01); C04B 2235/6026 (2013.01); C04B 2235/604 (2013.01); C04B 2235/656 (2013.01); C04B 2235/6562 (2013.01); C04B 2235/6567 (2013.01); C04B 2235/6588 (2013.01); C04B 2235/77 (2013.01); C04B 2235/785 (2013.01); C04B 2237/068 (2013.01)] 19 Claims
OG exemplary drawing
 
1. A material, comprising:
at least one inorganic compound and at least one polymeric material such that the at least one inorganic material is less than 100 volume percent (vol %) and no more than 70 vol % of the material and the at least one polymeric material is greater than 0 vol % and less than or equal to 30 vol % of the material;
the material being a sintered material formed via a sintering process comprising:
combining the at least one inorganic compound and the at least one polymeric material with a solvent to form a mixture; and
applying pressure and heat to the mixture to evaporate the solvent and densify the at least one inorganic compound and the at least one polymeric material, wherein the applied heat is at a temperature of no more than 200° C. above the boiling point of the solvent, and wherein the material is densified to a relative density of greater than 80% and wherein the sintered material has the at least one polymeric material in contact with a grain boundary of the sintered material.