1. A method for preventing, reducing, and/or eliminating formation of fibrosis associated with a pancreatic tumor and/or a cancer, the method comprising contacting the pancreatic tumor and/or the cancer with a first composition comprising a gastrin peptide conjugated to an immunogenic carrier via a linker and a second composition comprising an immune checkpoint inhibitor, wherein the gastrin peptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of EGPWLEEEEE (SEQ ID NO: 1), EGPWLEEEE (SEQ ID NO: 2), EGPWLEEEEEAY (SEQ ID NO: 3), and EGPWLEEEEEAYGWMDF (SEQ ID NO: 4) and the checkpoint inhibitor inhibits a biological activity of a target polypeptide selected from the group consisting of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD-1), and programmed cell death 1 receptor ligand (PD-L1).
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