| CPC H10N 50/01 (2023.02) [H10N 50/10 (2023.02); H10N 50/20 (2023.02)] | 21 Claims |

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1. An electronic device, comprising:
a cis-fluidic channel/chamber and a trans-fluidic channel/chamber fabricated on a planar substrate;
a channel in between and connecting the cis-fluidic and trans-fluidic channels/chambers; and
a first non-magnetic electrode and a second non-magnetic electrode sealed inside the channel, wherein the first and second non-magnetic electrodes being electrochemically deposited with one or more magnetic metal materials within the channel and under feed-back control, thereby forming a magnetic tunneling junction such that the distance between the first and second non-magnetic electrodes is between about 1-100 nm and coercivity of each of the electrodes can be individually tuned.
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