| CPC H04L 43/0864 (2013.01) [H04L 25/0202 (2013.01); H04L 27/2659 (2013.01); H04L 27/266 (2013.01); H04L 43/0841 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A method comprising:
obtaining Wi-Fi channel state information (CSI) parameters measured at an anchor and a target device from Wi-Fi frames transmitted between the anchor and the target device, the CSI parameters comprising, for each of the anchor and the target device, frame transmission and reception times, a carrier phase of the CSI, a crystal offset factor, and a packet detection time error, wherein each crystal offset factor is estimated based on a carrier frequency offset (CFO) between the target device and the anchor;
determining a round trip time (RTT) estimate or a relative change in the RTT estimate as a function of the CSI parameters; and
estimating a range between the anchor and the target device as a function of the RTT estimate, or estimating a change in the range between the anchor and the target device as a function of the relative change in the RTT estimate.
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