| CPC H01S 5/18377 (2013.01) [H01S 5/0206 (2013.01); H01S 5/0421 (2013.01); H01S 5/18308 (2013.01); H01S 5/34306 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims | 

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               1. A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) device, comprising: 
            a substrate; 
                a first mirror disposed over the substrate; 
                a bonding layer disposed over the first mirror; 
                a first n-type layer disposed directly over the bonding layer; 
                an active region disposed directly over the first n-type layer, wherein: 
                the substrate is a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate, and 
                  the active region is an indium phosphide (InP)-based active region; 
                a p-type layer disposed directly over the active region; 
                a second n-type layer disposed over the active region; 
                a tunnel junction disposed between the second n-type layer and the active region, 
                wherein the tunnel junction overlaps a portion of the p-type layer and a portion of the second n-type layer; 
                a second mirror disposed over the second n-type layer; 
                a set of first contacts below the tunnel junction; and 
                a set of second contacts disposed on the second n-type layer and adjacent to the second mirror. 
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