| CPC H01L 23/38 (2013.01) [G01J 1/0271 (2013.01); G01J 1/44 (2013.01); H10F 39/011 (2025.01); H10F 39/804 (2025.01); H10F 77/60 (2025.01); G01J 2001/448 (2013.01)] | 10 Claims |

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1. A sensor apparatus, comprising:
a package substrate that includes:
a first recess portion on a first side of a first surface of the package substrate;
a second recess portion on a bottom surface of the first recess portion; and
a plurality of terminals on a second side of a second surface of the package substrate, wherein the second side is opposite to the first side;
a Peltier element in the second recess portion;
a circuit substrate on an opposite side of a bottom surface of the second recess portion, wherein
the Peltier element is between a bottom surface of the circuit substrate and the bottom surface of the second recess portion,
the bottom surface of the circuit substrate is attached to the bottom surface of the first recess portion, and
the bottom surface of the circuit substrate faces the Peltier element; and
an image sensor on an upper surface of the circuit substrate, wherein
the circuit substrate is different from the image sensor, and
the upper surface of the circuit substrate is opposite to the bottom surface of the circuit substrate.
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