| CPC G01N 27/66 (2013.01) [G01N 30/64 (2013.01); G01N 2030/642 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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15. A photoionization detector comprising:
two electrodes; and
a vacuum ultraviolet lamp comprising:
a glass tube, the glass tube defining a first end;
a crystal window sealed to the first end of the glass tube, wherein sealing the crystal window to the first end of the glass tube comprises:
applying a mixed powder coating composition onto an edge surface of the first end of the glass tube, the mixed powder coating composition comprising indium powder and glass powder;
applying a glass powder coating composition over the mixed powder coating composition;
attaching the crystal window to the edge surface of the first end of the glass tube; and
heating the glass tube and the crystal window to seal the crystal window to the glass tube.
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