| CPC G01N 27/4161 (2013.01) [G01N 27/002 (2013.01); G01N 27/30 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. Circuitry for measuring a characteristic of an electrochemical cell, the electrochemical cell comprising at least one working electrode and a counter electrode, the circuitry comprising:
driver circuitry configured to apply a working bias voltage to the at least one working electrode and a counter bias voltage at the counter electrode to produce a first voltage bias between the at least one working electrode and the counter electrode;
control circuitry configured to adjust the first voltage bias over a first bias range by varying the working bias voltage and the counter bias voltage.
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