| CPC G01N 21/3554 (2013.01) [G01N 21/359 (2013.01); G01N 33/246 (2013.01); G01N 33/245 (2024.05)] | 18 Claims |

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1. A method of characterizing soil comprising:
receiving, with one or more computing devices, data for a soil sample comprising visible-near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy data;
determining a first model parameter for a Campbell soil-water retention function and a second model parameter for the Campbell soil-water retention function using a model calibrated on vis-NIR spectroscopy data from a plurality of soil samples, wherein the first model parameter and the second model parameter are determined by the model using a common input comprising the received vis-NIR spectroscopy data; and
characterizing the soil sample based on the soil-water retention function
wherein the first model parameter provides an anchor value for the soil-water retention
curve, wherein the second model parameter is an exponential shape factor; and
wherein the anchor value corresponds to a water potential of potential force (pF) at least between 3.8 and 4.2, inclusive.
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