US 12,404,449 B2
Sequential synthesis technique for deposition of aligned organic electro-optic materials
Delwin L. Elder, Seattle, WA (US); Larry R. Dalton, III, Seattle, WA (US); Lewis E. Johnson, Seattle, WA (US); Scott R. Hammond, Seattle, WA (US); Bruce H. Robinson, Seattle, WA (US); and Kevin M. O'Malley, Seattle, WA (US)
Assigned to University of Washington, Seattle, WA (US); and NLM Photonics, Seattle, WA (US)
Filed by University of Washington, Seattle, WA (US); and NLM Photonics, Seattle, WA (US)
Filed on Jun. 13, 2023, as Appl. No. 18/334,294.
Claims priority of provisional application 63/351,772, filed on Jun. 13, 2022.
Prior Publication US 2023/0399564 A1, Dec. 14, 2023
Int. Cl. C09K 9/02 (2006.01)
CPC C09K 9/02 (2013.01) [C09K 2211/1033 (2013.01); C09K 2211/104 (2013.01); C09K 2211/1059 (2013.01); C09K 2211/1088 (2013.01); C09K 2211/1096 (2013.01)] 20 Claims
OG exemplary drawing
 
1. A film comprising a plurality of electrooptic chromophores, a first layer of the electrooptic chromophores bonded to a substrate in a first layer, such that the substrate imparts non-centrosymmetric order onto the electrooptic chromophores, the plurality of electrooptic chromophores including a plurality of least one neutral ground state (NGS) chromophore and a plurality of at least one zwitterionic ground state (ZGS) chromophore;
wherein the least one NGS chromophore comprises:
a head;
a donor;
a bridge;
an acceptor;
a tail;
wherein the head is a reactive group that is covalently bonded to the donor and is configured to react with the underlying surface or a capping agent that supplies a functional group;
wherein the donor is a group that has excess electron density and allows for connection to the head;
wherein the bridge electronically communicates between the donor and acceptor;
wherein the acceptor is deficient in electron density and allows for connection to the tail;
wherein the tail is a reactive group that is covalently bonded to the acceptor and is configured to react with the underlying surface or a capping agent that supplies a functional group; and
wherein the head and tail are configured to allow for sequential polymerization of the least one NGS electrooptic chromophore in non-centrosymmetric alignment; and
wherein the least one ZGS chromophore comprises:
a head;
a donor;
a bridge;
an acceptor;
a tail;
wherein the head is a reactive group that is covalently bonded to the donor and is configured to react with the underlying surface or a capping agent that supplies a functional group;
wherein the donor is a group that has excess electron density and allows for connection to the head;
wherein the bridge electronically communicates between the donor and acceptor;
wherein the acceptor is deficient in electron density and allows for connection to the tail;
wherein the tail is a reactive group that is covalently bonded to the acceptor and is configured to react with the underlying surface or a capping agent that supplies a functional group;
wherein the head and tail allow for sequential polymerization of the electrooptic chromophore; and
wherein one side of the chromophore perpetually carries a positive charge, one side of the chromophore perpetually carries a negative charge and the positive charge and negative charge are separated by the bridge.