| CPC B05D 1/18 (2013.01) [B01F 23/405 (2022.01); B01F 31/80 (2022.01); B05D 7/24 (2013.01); C09D 1/00 (2013.01)] | 14 Claims |

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1. A method, comprising steps of:
providing a mixture comprising a solvent, a solute, and a nanomaterial or particle, wherein the solute is selected from the group consisting of a salt, a sugar, and any combination thereof, wherein the solute is soluble in the solvent;
applying sonication to the mixture; and
contacting a substrate with the mixture so as to form a coating of the nanomaterial or the particle onto the substrate.
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