| CPC B01J 23/26 (2013.01) [B01J 21/08 (2013.01); B01J 37/08 (2013.01); B01J 37/14 (2013.01); C08F 10/02 (2013.01); C08F 2500/07 (2013.01); C08F 2500/12 (2013.01)] | 26 Claims | 

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               1. A process to produce an activated chromium catalyst, the process comprising: 
            (i) contacting a pre-catalyst with a first inert atmosphere at a temperature T1 in a range from 500° F. to 700° F. (260° C. to 371° C.), wherein the pre-catalyst comprises a silica support and: 
                from 0.1 to 5 wt. % chromium; 
                  from 0.1 to 10 wt. % titanium; and 
                  from 1 to 5 mol nitrogen/mol titanium; 
                (ii) subjecting the pre-catalyst to cycles of a first oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature T2 in a range from 500° F. to 700° F. (260° C. to 371° C.) and a second inert atmosphere at a temperature T3 in a range from 700° F. to 900° F. (371° C. to 482° C.), 
                wherein subjecting the pre-catalyst to the first oxidizing atmosphere causes an exothermic increase in temperature from T2 to T3, at which point the pre-catalyst is subjected to the second inert atmosphere which results in cooling the pre-catalyst from T3 to T2, 
                until (1) the exothermic increase in temperature in the first oxidizing atmosphere is less than or equal to 50° F. (28° C.) within 15 min, or (2) heat must be added to maintain T3 in the presence of the first oxidizing atmosphere; 
                (iii) heating the pre-catalyst in a third inert atmosphere to a temperature T4 in a range from 1000° F. to 1400° F. (538° C. to 760° C.) and holding the pre-catalyst at T4 in the third inert atmosphere for a hold time t1 in a range from 1 hr to 15 hr; 
                (iv) cooling the pre-catalyst in a fourth inert atmosphere to a temperature T5 in a range from 900° F. to 1200° F. (482° C. to 649°° C.), wherein T5 is less than T4; 
                (v) subjecting the pre-catalyst to a second oxidizing atmosphere at T5 for a hold time t2 in a range from 30 min to 10 hr; 
                (vi) cooling in a third oxidizing atmosphere to a temperature T6 in a range from 500° F. to 700° F. (260° C. to 371° C.) to produce the activated chromium catalyst; and 
                (vii) purging the activated chromium catalyst in a fifth inert atmosphere at T6 and cooling to ambient temperature. 
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