| CPC H10K 50/115 (2023.02) [H10K 50/16 (2023.02); H10K 71/125 (2023.02); H10K 59/00 (2023.02)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A light-emitting element comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode disposed opposite the first electrode;
a light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and containing quantum dots; and
a carrier transport layer disposed between the first electrode and a surface of the light-emitting layer on a second electrode side, including a plurality of protrusions extending toward the second electrode side, and containing a first carrier transport material, wherein
at least parts of the plurality of protrusions of the carrier transport layer and at least parts of a plurality of gaps between the plurality of protrusions are covered by the quantum dots, wherein
the carrier transport layer includes: a first carrier transport layer including a plurality of openings and containing the first carrier transport material; and a rod-like, second carrier transport material forming the plurality of protrusions in the plurality of openings.
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