| CPC G03F 7/70783 (2013.01) [G03F 7/70708 (2013.01); H01L 21/67288 (2013.01); H01L 21/6831 (2013.01)] | 18 Claims |

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1. A substrate comprising:
an electrostatic wafer comprising a first substrate layer, a second substrate layer, a substrate surface, and an electrical connection, wherein:
the first substrate layer comprises a semiconducting material;
the second substrate layer comprises an insulating material;
the substrate surface is disposed on the second substrate layer; and
the electrical connection is configured to:
receive a voltage; and
transmit the voltage to the first substrate layer to electrostatically clamp the substrate to a substrate table while a flatness of the substrate surface is measured.
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