| CPC G03F 7/20 (2013.01) [G01B 9/02049 (2013.01); G02B 7/003 (2013.01); G02B 27/62 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. An optical system, comprising:
a movable element comprising a member selected from the group consisting of an optical element and a reference structure;
a functional element comprising a first portion, a second portion, and a constriction configured to deformationally decouple the first portion from the second portion; and
a joining agent fastening the first portion to the movable element along a fastening plane,
wherein:
the first and second portions are one integral piece;
the second portion comprises a functional surface;
the constriction is laterally outside a region of the functional surface;
the functional surface comprises a detectable measurement surface;
a position and/or orientation of the movable element is modifiable based on information from the detectable measurement surface.
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