| CPC G02B 1/005 (2013.01) [G02B 5/1857 (2013.01)] | 10 Claims |

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1. A two dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PhC) structure comprising:
a substrate; and
a periodic grating structure formed on the substrate, the periodic grating structure comprising a plurality of gratings having a grating period, a, each pair of adjacent gratings separated by air, each grating having a grating width, d, and comprising a plurality of alternating layers of a first material and a second material, the first material corresponding to a high index material, the second material corresponding to a low index material, a ratio of a first refractive index of the first material to a second refractive index of the second material greater than or equal to two, each first material layer having a first thickness, t1, each second material layer having a second thickness, t2, wherein the 2D PhC structure has a structure refractive index at or near zero for a range of frequencies.
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