| CPC C23C 16/274 (2013.01) [A61B 5/1468 (2013.01); A61N 1/0543 (2013.01); C01B 32/05 (2017.08); C23C 16/0272 (2013.01); C23C 16/042 (2013.01); C23C 16/545 (2013.01); C30B 25/04 (2013.01); C30B 25/18 (2013.01); C30B 29/04 (2013.01); D06M 11/74 (2013.01); D06M 23/06 (2013.01); H01B 1/04 (2013.01); A61B 2562/0285 (2013.01); A61N 1/36046 (2013.01); C01P 2002/82 (2013.01); C01P 2002/85 (2013.01); C01P 2004/02 (2013.01); C01P 2004/03 (2013.01); C01P 2004/80 (2013.01); C01P 2006/40 (2013.01); D06M 2101/40 (2013.01)] | 15 Claims |

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1. A method of forming a conductive diamond layer on a surface of a carbon fiber substrate, the carbon fiber substrate coated with the conductive diamond layer configured for use as a component of an electrode for neural stimulation and/or electrochemical sensing, the method comprising:
functionalizing at least a portion of the surface of the carbon fiber substrate with a functionalizing agent to provide a functionalized surface;
coating the functionalized surface with diamond seeds to form a diamond seed layer covalently bonded to the functionalized surface, wherein the functionalizing agent includes a chemical moiety for forming a covalent bond between the functionalized surface and the diamond seeds; and
using a diamond precursor, forming the conductive diamond layer via chemical vapor deposition on the diamond seed layer.
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