| CPC C02F 1/281 (2013.01) [B82Y 30/00 (2013.01); C01F 17/235 (2020.01); C02F 2101/30 (2013.01)] | 25 Claims |

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1. A particulate oxide composition comprising:
cerium oxide;
trivalent dopant selected from the group consisting of yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), and mixtures thereof; and
optionally an additional metal oxide selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), and mixtures thereof;
wherein the cerium oxide is present in an amount greater than the trivalent dopant and wherein the average trivalent dopant to Ce ratio at about 0 nm to about 3.5 nm from the surface of the particulate oxide composition is greater than the trivalent dopant to Ce ratio at about 15 nm from the surface of the particulate composition.
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