| CPC C01G 53/50 (2013.01) [H01M 10/0525 (2013.01); C01P 2002/54 (2013.01); C01P 2004/61 (2013.01); C01P 2006/10 (2013.01); C01P 2006/11 (2013.01); C01P 2006/12 (2013.01); C01P 2006/40 (2013.01)] | 12 Claims |

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1. A positive electrode active material, comprising secondary particles formed by agglomeration of primary particles, wherein the primary particles comprise a layered nickel-containing lithium composite oxide, and the nickel-containing lithium composite oxide comprises a doping element; and
when the positive electrode active material is charged from an 11% delithiated state to a 78% delithiated state at a rate of 0.1 C, a lattice of the primary particles has a maximum shrinkage rate satisfying Δamax≤3.00% in an a-axis direction, and a maximum swelling rate satisfying Δcmax≤3.02% in a c-axis direction;
wherein a relative deviation of a local mass concentration of the doping element in the secondary particles is less than 30%; and
wherein a true doping concentration φ of the positive electrode active material satisfies 2300 μg/cm3≤φ≤49000 μg/cm3.
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