Christopher S. Johnson, Naperville, IL (US); Hui Xiong, Woodridge, IL (US); Tijana Rajh, Naperville, IL (US); Elena Shevchenko, Riverside, IL (US); and Sanja Tepavcevic, Chicago, IL (US)
Assigned to UCHICAGO ARGONNE, LLC, Chicago, IL (US)
Filed by UCHICAGO ARGONNE, LLC, Chicago, IL (US)
Filed on Oct. 8, 2020, as Appl. No. 17/065,670.
Application 17/065,670 is a division of application No. 15/922,596, filed on Mar. 15, 2018.
Application 15/922,596 is a division of application No. 14/227,341, filed on Mar. 27, 2014, granted, now 9,935,314, issued on Apr. 3, 2018.
Application 14/227,341 is a continuation of application No. PCT/US2012/042230, filed on Jun. 13, 2012.
Claims priority of provisional application 61/540,604, filed on Sep. 29, 2011.
Prior Publication US 2021/0028451 A1, Jan. 28, 2021
1. A sodium-ion electrochemical cell prepared by providing an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode, an anode and a nonaqueous sodium-containing electrolyte therebetween, wherein the anode comprises a film of amorphous TiO2 nanotubes on a surface of a metal foil substrate; and wherein the nanotubes have a wall thickness of about 18 to 25 nm and an outer tubular diameter of about 100 to 150 nm; and charging and discharging the so-provided electrochemical cell between about 2.5 and 0.5 V vs. Na/Na+ at a rate of about 0.05 A/g for about 15 cycles; thereby increasing the capacity and Coulombic efficiency thereof relative to an initial capacity and Coulombic efficiency achieved during the first cycle.
