| CPC H10K 30/57 (2023.02) [H10K 30/151 (2023.02); H10K 30/30 (2023.02); H10K 39/12 (2023.02); H10K 71/162 (2023.02); H10K 85/50 (2023.02); H10K 30/50 (2023.02)] | 19 Claims |

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1. A translucent photovoltaic (PV) device comprising a semi-transparent substrate and at least one translucent photovoltaic (PV) cell, the PV cell comprising a stack of layers disposed on the substrate, the stack of layers comprising:
a front electrode layer,
a carbon back electrode layer, wherein the front electrode layer and the back electrode layer constitute an anode and a cathode layer, and
a perovskite photoactive layer between the anode layer and the cathode layer,
wherein the carbon back electrode layer comprises as the basic ingredients carbon black, graphite, and polymeric binders,
wherein the stack of layers of the PV cell comprises laser-made light-transmissive apertures extending through at least the front electrode layer, the back electrode layer and the perovskite photoactive layer of the PV cell,
wherein the light-transmissive apertures are fully surrounded by the stack of layers, so that the layers of the stack of layers of the PV cell between two of the light-transmissive apertures are not interrupted, and
wherein each of the apertures includes walls, and wherein the walls of the apertures form substantially smooth surfaces and extend through at least the back electrode layer, the front electrode layer, and the photoactive layer; and
the front electrode layer and the back electrode layer are substantially perovskite free.
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