| CPC C01B 32/15 (2017.08) [C09C 1/0081 (2013.01); H01M 4/38 (2013.01); H01M 4/583 (2013.01); H01M 4/625 (2013.01); C01P 2002/52 (2013.01); C01P 2004/62 (2013.01); C01P 2004/64 (2013.01); C01P 2006/40 (2013.01); C01P 2006/80 (2013.01); H01M 2004/028 (2013.01); Y02E 60/10 (2013.01)] | 19 Claims |

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1. A carbon-based nanomaterial composition comprising sulfur doped carbon-based nanospheres formed from a forming mixture comprising a gas mixture and a sulfur powder,
wherein the gas mixture comprises a carbon-based gas, oxygen gas, and hydrogen gas, and
wherein the gas mixture comprises a molar ratio CBGmol/GMmol of at least about 0.05 and not greater than about 0.99, where the CBGmol is equal to the moles of carbon-based gas in the gas mixture, and GMmol is equal to the total moles of gas in the gas mixture.
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