| CPC H04L 9/008 (2013.01) [H04L 9/0618 (2013.01); H04L 9/16 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. An apparatus, comprising:
a receiver; and
a processor configured to:
generate a modulus switch ciphertext by performing modulus switching with respect to data received by the receiver, the modulus switching including mapping a component of an input ciphertext generated from the received data to an odd number;
generate a blind rotated ciphertext by performing a blind rotation operation based on the modulus switched ciphertext; and
generate encrypted data, as a homomorphic encryption operation result, by performing key switching based on the blind rotated ciphertext.
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