| CPC G05F 1/67 (2013.01) [H02J 3/38 (2013.01); H02J 3/381 (2013.01); H02M 3/1582 (2013.01); H02J 2300/26 (2020.01); H02M 1/322 (2021.05); Y02E 10/56 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A photovoltaic system for connecting to an inverter, the photovoltaic system comprising:
at least one photovoltaic module; and
a controller coupled between the inverter and the at least one photovoltaic module, wherein the controller includes:
a microcontroller unit (MCU) configured to control a converter to allow the at least one photovoltaic module to operate at a maximum power point,
wherein the controller is configured to, based upon one or more triggers associated with a detected condition, automatically dissipate excess energy stored in an input capacitor in one or more photodiodes of the at least one photovoltaic module;
wherein the controller is configured to change a duty cycle of the converter until there is insufficient power on the inverter side to sustain a reverse mode.
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