| CPC G06V 20/58 (2022.01) | 18 Claims |

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1. A method, for providing a coupling angle defining the yaw angle between a first vehicle coupled to a second vehicle, comprising:
receiving an image of at least a part of the first vehicle from a camera mounted on the second vehicle, the image comprising a matrix of intensity values;
performing a polar transformation on at least a part of the image to form a polar image in a polar space having an origin corresponding to a location of a pivot point of the coupling to the second vehicle in said received image coordinate space;
estimating an optical coupling angle by analysing the content of the polar image;
receiving a signal from an odometer mounted on the first or second vehicle;
estimating a kinematic coupling angle using a kinematic model of the first vehicle and the coupled second vehicle, wherein the kinematic model is based on the signal;
combining the estimated optical coupling angle and the estimated kinematic coupling angle to provide said coupling angle; and
reporting the coupling angle.
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