CPC B01D 61/425 (2013.01) [B01D 61/027 (2013.01); B01D 71/0213 (2022.08); B01D 2311/2603 (2013.01); B01D 2311/2649 (2013.01); B01D 2325/02832 (2022.08); B01D 2325/02833 (2022.08); B01D 2325/26 (2013.01)] | 35 Claims |
1. A membrane nanofiltration system for electrically conductive membrane separation comprising:
a conductive membrane filter consisting essentially of monolithic nanoporous silicon;
an electrical contact in contact with the conductive membrane filter, wherein electrical current can flow from the electrical contact to the conductive membrane filter; and
a counter electrode above a top surface of the conductive membrane filter,
wherein the conductive membrane filter, via the electrical contact, and the counter electrode are configured to:
generate an electric field between the conductive membrane filter and the counter electrode,
hold the conductive membrane filter at a constant electric potential, or
flow constant current into the conductive membrane filter, and
wherein the conductive membrane filter is configured to separate at least one ion from a mixture solution and is not bound to a support, and wherein at least part of the mixture solution flows through the conductive membrane filter.
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