	US 11,699,787 B2
	Battery having a low output voltage
Yu-Sheng Su, Dayton, OH (US); Minjie Li, Dayton, OH (US); Hui He, Dayton, OH (US); Qing Fang, Dayton, OH (US); Aruna Zhamu, Springboro, OH (US); and Bor Z. Jang, Centerville, OH (US)
Assigned to Global Graphene Group, Inc., Dayton, OH (US)
Filed by Global Graphene Group, Inc., Dayton, OH (US)
Filed on Dec. 15, 2020, as Appl. No. 17/122,499.
Application 17/122,499 is a division of application No. 15/297,877, filed on Oct. 19, 2016, granted, now 10,868,304, issued on Dec. 15, 2020.
Prior Publication US 2021/0111403 A1, Apr. 15, 2021
This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.
Int. Cl. H01M 4/00 (2006.01); H01M 4/52 (2010.01); H01M 4/38 (2006.01); H01M 4/58 (2010.01); H01M 6/14 (2006.01); H01M 10/36 (2010.01); H01M 4/62 (2006.01); H01M 10/052 (2010.01); H01M 4/50 (2010.01); H01M 10/054 (2010.01); H01M 4/46 (2006.01); H01M 4/48 (2010.01); H01M 6/04 (2006.01)

CPC H01M 4/523 (2013.01) [H01M 4/38 (2013.01); H01M 4/381 (2013.01); H01M 4/382 (2013.01); H01M 4/463 (2013.01); H01M 4/466 (2013.01); H01M 4/483 (2013.01); H01M 4/502 (2013.01); H01M 4/5815 (2013.01); H01M 4/625 (2013.01); H01M 6/04 (2013.01); H01M 6/14 (2013.01); H01M 10/052 (2013.01); H01M 10/054 (2013.01); H01M 10/36 (2013.01); Y02T 10/70 (2013.01)]

24 Claims

1. An electrochemical battery cell comprising an anode having a primary anode active material, a cathode having a primary cathode active material, and an ion-conducting electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode, wherein the electrochemical battery cell has an initial output voltage, Vi, measured at 10% depth of discharge, from a lower limit of 0.3 volts to an upper limit of 0.8 volts, and a final output voltage Vf measured at a depth of discharge no greater than 90%, wherein a voltage variation, (Vi−Vf)/Vi, is no greater than ±10% and a specific capacity between Vi and Vf is no less than 100 mAh/g or 200 mAh/cm³based on the primary cathode active material weight or volume, and wherein said primary anode active material is selected from potassium (K), aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), or a combination thereof, and wherein said primary cathode active material is selected from a metal oxide, metal phosphate, metal sulfide, or a metal or semi-metal different than said primary anode active material, and said metal or semi-metal in said cathode is selected from tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), indium (In), tellurium (Te), phosphor (P), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), or a combination thereof.