CPC B01J 23/10 (2013.01) [B01J 21/04 (2013.01); B01J 23/002 (2013.01); B01J 23/462 (2013.01); B01J 23/63 (2013.01); B01J 35/0006 (2013.01); B01J 37/0205 (2013.01); B01J 37/0209 (2013.01); B01J 37/08 (2013.01); C01B 3/047 (2013.01); B01J 2523/13 (2013.01); B01J 2523/14 (2013.01); B01J 2523/15 (2013.01); B01J 2523/31 (2013.01); B01J 2523/3706 (2013.01); B01J 2523/3712 (2013.01); B01J 2523/48 (2013.01); B01J 2523/821 (2013.01); C01B 2203/0277 (2013.01); C01B 2203/066 (2013.01); C01B 2203/1082 (2013.01); C01B 2203/1094 (2013.01)] | 30 Claims |
1. A method of ammonia decomposition comprising:
(a) providing a catalyst comprising:
a support comprising zirconium and oxygen;
a layer adjacent to the support, wherein the layer comprises ZraOb doped with cerium (Ce) and oxygen (O), wherein ‘a’ and ‘b’ are numbers greater than zero, and wherein ‘a’ is less than ‘b’, wherein a molar ratio of Ce to Zr in the layer ranges from about 1:25 to 1:5, wherein the layer comprises an amorphous structure, a monoclinic structure, or a tetragonal network structure of (Zr:Ce)O2; and
one or more active metal particles adjacent to the layer, wherein the one or more active metal particles comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ru, Ni, Rh, Ir, Co, Fe, Pt, Cr, Mo, Pd, and Cu, wherein a concentration of the active metal particles ranges from 0.5 wt % to 10 wt %;
wherein the catalyst comprises oxygen vacancies ranging from about 0.1 millimole (mmol)/gram (g) to about 10 mmol/g; and
(b) bringing the catalyst in contact with ammonia at a temperature ranging from about 300° C. to about 600° C. to generate hydrogen and nitrogen at an ammonia conversion efficiency from about 70% to about 99%.
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