| CPC H10K 50/165 (2023.02) [H10K 30/151 (2023.02); H10K 50/125 (2023.02); H10K 71/00 (2023.02); H10K 2102/102 (2023.02); H10K 2102/103 (2023.02); H10K 2102/331 (2023.02)] | 8 Claims |

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1. A light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode and a second electrode arranged oppositely to each other;
a light-emitting layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode; and
a composite material layer arranged between the second electrode and the light-emitting layer, a material for forming the composite material layer including a titanium dioxide nanoparticle and a ligand, the ligand having a structure of
![]() the ligand being bonded to the titanium dioxide nanoparticle by a sulfur anion, and n being an integer of 0˜8;
wherein a mass percentage of the ligand with respect to a total mass of the composite material layer ranges from 0.5 to 2%.
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