| CPC H10F 39/807 (2025.01) [H10F 39/011 (2025.01); H10F 39/182 (2025.01); H10F 39/8053 (2025.01); H10F 39/8063 (2025.01)] | 16 Claims |

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1. A CMOS image sensor, comprising:
a substrate having a front-side and a back-side over the front-side;
a plurality of pixel regions comprising a plurality of photodiodes, respectively, configured to receive radiation that enters the substrate from the back-side;
a boundary deep trench isolation (BDTI) structure disposed at boundary regions of the pixel regions and including a first set of BDTI segments extending in a first direction and a second set of BDTI segments extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, such that the BDTI structure laterally surrounds a first photodiode of the plurality of photodiodes, the BDTI structure comprising a first material; and
a pixel deep trench isolation (PDTI) structure disposed within the BDTI structure, the PDTI structure having a bottom surface directly contacting an upper surface of the first photodiode, wherein the PDTI structure comprises a second material that differs from the first material, and includes a first PDTI segment extending in the first direction such that the first PDTI segment is surrounded by the BDTI structure.
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