| CPC H01M 4/628 (2013.01) [H01M 4/366 (2013.01); H01M 4/386 (2013.01); H01M 4/587 (2013.01); H01M 10/0525 (2013.01); H01M 2004/027 (2013.01)] | 12 Claims |

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1. A negative active material, comprising:
a silicon-carbon composite including silicon and amorphous carbon;
a metal oxide; and
a metal silicate,
wherein:
an amount of the metal oxide is about 0.21 wt % to about 14 wt %, based on a total weight of the negative active material,
an amount of the metal silicate is about 0.1 wt % to about 7 wt % based on a total weight of the negative active material, and
an amount of the metal oxide is greater than an amount of the metal silicate.
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