| CPC H01L 21/74 (2013.01) [H01L 21/76224 (2013.01); H01L 23/585 (2013.01); H10D 1/692 (2025.01)] | 27 Claims |

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1. A method, comprising:
forming a deep trench in a semiconductor substrate, wherein the deep trench forms a continuous loop having linear sections and corner sections in the semiconductor substrate;
forming a sidewall dielectric layer in the deep trench;
filling the deep trench with a trench-fill material after forming the sidewall dielectric layer, the deep trench filled with the trench-fill material including a seam;
forming a patterned protective layer over the semiconductor substrate, the patterned protective layer covering the seam;
forming a shallow trench in the deep trench by removing the trench-fill material of the deep trench not covered by the patterned protective layer; and
forming a shallow trench isolation structure in the deep trench by filling the shallow trench with an oxide layer.
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