| CPC F02D 19/027 (2013.01) [F02D 19/023 (2013.01); F02D 19/029 (2013.01); F02P 5/145 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A system for determining properties of fuel supplied to an internal combustion (IC) engine and for adjusting operations of the IC engine, comprising:
an air-flow throttle operatively coupled with an air-intake system of the IC engine and configured to control the amount of air supplied to the air-intake system;
a fuel-flow throttle operatively coupled with the IC engine and configured to control the amount of fuel supplied to the IC engine; and
at least one controller operatively coupled with the air-flow throttle and the fuel-flow throttle to receive readings from and control operation of the air-flow throttle and the fuel-flow throttle and configured to:
determine a true air-to-fuel (AF) ratio based on readings from the air-flow throttle and the fuel-flow throttle,
determine an AF ratio difference based on the true AF ratio and an ideal AF ratio
determine a fuel property value of fuel supplied to the IC engine based on the AF ratio difference, and
adjust an operation parameter of the IC engine based on the determined fuel property value.
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