| CPC C30B 29/406 (2013.01) [C01B 21/0632 (2013.01); C30B 7/105 (2013.01); H10D 62/50 (2025.01); H10D 62/8503 (2025.01); C01P 2002/30 (2013.01); C01P 2002/74 (2013.01); C01P 2002/80 (2013.01); C01P 2006/80 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A device, comprising:
a gallium-containing nitride crystal substrate comprising gallium and nitrogen and having a wurtzite structure and comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface;
at least one n-type epitaxial layer, at least one AlInGaN epitaxial layer, and at least one p-type epitaxial layer overlying at least a portion of the first surface;
a p-contact disposed over at least a portion of the p-type epitaxial layer; and
an n-contact,
wherein the gallium-containing nitride crystal substrate comprises point defects having defect types and relative concentrations resulting in a compensation ratio between about 1.0 and about 4.0, said point defects being characterized by an absorbance per unit thickness of at least 0.01 cm−1 at wavenumbers of approximately 3175 cm−1, 3164 cm−1, and 3150 cm−1 and
at wavenumbers between about 3200 cm−1 and about 3400 cm−1 and between about 3075 cm−1 and about 3125 cm−1, said gallium-containing nitride crystal substrate being essentially free of infrared absorption peaks having an absorbance per unit thickness greater than 10% of the absorbance per unit thickness at 3175 cm−1.
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