| CPC H10N 50/10 (2023.02) [G01R 33/093 (2013.01); G01R 33/098 (2013.01); G11C 11/161 (2013.01); H10B 61/00 (2023.02); H10N 50/01 (2023.02); H10N 50/80 (2023.02); H10N 50/85 (2023.02)] | 20 Claims | 

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               1. A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element, comprising: 
            a hard bias layer; 
                a reference layer disposed over the hard bias layer; 
                a tunnel barrier layer disposed over the reference layer; 
                a free layer disposed over the tunnel barrier layer; and 
                a diffusion barrier layer disposed over the free layer, wherein the diffusion barrier layer comprises an amorphous and nonmagnetic film of a form X-Z, where X is Fe or Co and Z is Hf, Y, or Zr. 
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