| CPC H10N 50/10 (2023.02) [H10N 50/01 (2023.02); H10N 50/80 (2023.02)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A memory device, comprising:
a bottom electrode;
a resistance switching element over the bottom electrode;
a top electrode over the resistance switching element; and
a dielectric layer surrounding the bottom electrode, the resistance switching element, and the top electrode, wherein the resistance switching element has a first portion between the top electrode and the dielectric layer, and a top surface of the dielectric layer is free from coverage by the bottom electrode.
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