| CPC H04L 9/3268 (2013.01) [H04L 9/0866 (2013.01); H04L 9/3242 (2013.01); H04L 9/3265 (2013.01); H04L 9/50 (2022.05)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A computer-implemented method of deriving keys of a hierarchical key structure, wherein the key structure comprising a hierarchy of levels, the hierarchy of levels comprising a master level and one or more child levels, wherein the master level comprises a master key, and wherein each child level comprises one or more child keys, each respective child key of a given level being linked to one key of a preceding level, wherein that one key of the preceding level is a respective parent key of the respective child key, and wherein the method is performed by a first party and comprises:
generating a target index of a target child key, wherein the target index is generated based on a first result of inputting at least a target message to a first hash function; and
deriving the target child key of a level in the hierarchy based on a) a parent key of a preceding level in the hierarchy, and b) a second result of inputting at least i) the parent key, and ii) the target index, to a second hash function.
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