| CPC H01M 4/366 (2013.01) [H01M 4/382 (2013.01); H01M 4/583 (2013.01); H01M 4/62 (2013.01); H01M 10/0525 (2013.01); H01M 10/44 (2013.01); H01M 2004/021 (2013.01); H01M 2004/027 (2013.01); H01M 4/0402 (2013.01); Y02E 60/10 (2013.01)] | 21 Claims |

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1. A battery cell, comprising:
an anode comprising electrode constituent particles;
a cathode comprising electrode constituent particles;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode;
a polymer separator disposed between the anode and the cathode; and
a casing containing the anode, the cathode, the electrolyte, and the polymer separator, wherein the casing provides electrical contact to the anode and the cathode,
wherein:
at least one of the anode or the cathode comprises a plurality of stacked artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) monolayers coated onto the electrode constituent particles of the anode or cathode,
the plurality of artificial SEI monolayers are capable of withstanding exposures to temperatures up to 300° C. without exothermically decomposing; and
each artificial SEI layer of the plurality of artificial SEI monolayers is produced by a roll-to-roll liquid-phase deposition method.
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